Difference Between inure and enure

Distinction Between inure and enure Distinction Between â€Å"inure† and â€Å"enure† Distinction Between â€Å"inure† and â€Å"enure† By Maeve Maddox inure: To bring (an individual, and so forth.) by use, propensity, or ceaseless exercise to a specific condition or perspective, to the perseverance of a specific condition For instance: Crisis room work force become inured to seeing blood. Researchers working in Antarctica become inured to the virus. Instructors in schools with frail principals become inured to insults. enure: (lawful term) to come into activity; to occur, have impact; to be accessible; to be applied (to the utilization or advantage of an individual) For instance, The new duty will enure to the advantage of the considerable number of occupants of Madison County. These models from the web demonstrate that inure for habituate has become the most well-known spelling on the two sides of the Atlantic: WE MUST NOT BECOME INURED TO YOUTH GUN VIOLENCE (The Boston Globe) Germans become inured to savagery against outsiders (The Independent) Is it true that we are getting inured to common help recklessness? (The Telegraph) How Inured to Mass Shootings Have We Become? (The Huffington Post) Film crowds have since quite a while ago become inured to old entertainers being matched off with scarcely post-pubescent females. (The Guardian) In more seasoned printed works, the spellings inure and enure happen regularly with either meaning. Both the OED and Merriam-Webster offer enure as a variation spelling, however present day utilization appears to support inure for the feeling of â€Å"habituate.† It might be valuable to hold the spelling enure for the legitimate term. Wordnik offers instances of the employments of enure and inure. Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary class, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:Congratulations on or for?â€Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†I wish I were...

Maritime Law Essay

On January sixth, 2007 the vessel crashed into â€Å"M. V Container† while drawing closer to steer station. The reason for the crash was because of wrong plotting position of third official from â€Å"Never Struck† and unfair follow up on COLREG 72 from â€Å"M. V Container†. Proprietors of the â€Å"M. V Container† guaranteed her harm load hold No 1. Load proprietor of manure guaranteed to proprietor against delays. 4. general normal versus specific normal (a) General normal is brought about to support all interests however the specific normal is regarding only one of the numerous interests. b) General normal is consistently deliberate and purposeful yet the specific normal is an inadvertent or startling disasters. (c) General normal is shared by every one of the individuals who have profited by the general normal act. Specific normal is paid by the back up plan. (d) General normal may incorporate consumption and penance alongside misfortune, though the s pecific normal outcomes from a misfortune or harm. 5. Conditions inferring General Average In request for a demonstration of penance or use to be viewed as a demonstration of general normal, six conditions must win. a) Common Maritime Adventure †More than one gathering must be engaged with the experience in order to be ‘common’ (shipowner, freight proprietor). (b) Real and Common Danger †all gatherings more likely than not been really profited by the penance because of a risk that jeopardizes the experience. (c) Extraordinary †misfortune must be recognized from conventional misfortune since normal misfortune isn't considered general normal commitments. (d) Intentional †choices must be made and the misfortune must be deliberate. (e) Reasonableness †irrational and superfluous penance or consumption isn't legitimate. f) Success †the conciliatory activities must have the option to spare the property engaged with a typical sea experience from a specific threat. Where the boat and freight is complete ly demolished out and out, there will be no doubt of general normal. 6. CASE ANALYSIS For the situation of â€Å"Never Struck† and â€Å"M. V Container†, it was because of the carelessness of third official in â€Å"M. V Container† who didn't support to Prevention of Collision Regulations 1972 which is a penetrate of universal law, making the two vessels impact. In spite of the fact that â€Å"Never Struck† had its very own issue, it didn't anyway break the global law of ocean routes. In applying the standards of Prevention of Collision Regulations 1972, Part A, segment 2(a) and area 2(b), alluded to as the â€Å"General Prudential† rule and gives for non-conformance expressed guidelines so as to forestall an impact, since what is vital is to keep away from or limit the harming impacts of a crash, instead of aimlessly adhering to the principles precisely. The general plan is to limit genuine impact occurring instead of rule consistence in itself. Because of carelessness with respect to â€Å"M. V Container† she won't have the option to guarantee against â€Å"Never Struck† for the fixes of the payload hold No 1. The freight misfortune in the payload hold No 1 which was lost because of the mishap may anyway achieve an activity in tort. In the event that there was any further loss of payload which was casted off so as to spare the boat or costs acquired after the impact so as to spare the experience might be subject for general normal. Concerning â€Å"Never Struck†, the load proprietor may guarantee either â€Å"Never Struck† or â€Å"M. V Container† against delays. Anyway it ought to and would not be considered when all is said in done average cases. Same with respect to the instance of â€Å"M. V Container†, the freight misfortune which was lost because of the mishap may anyway achieve an activity in tort. On the off chance that there was any further loss of load which was casted off so as to spare the boat or costs caused after the crash so as to spare the experience might be at risk for general normal. 7. Determination As an end, impacts may prompt a progression of cases and activities. These arrangement of occasions may achieve the application various acts. It is significant however to comprehend that General Average possibly exist if the demonstration of penance or consumption is intentional so as to spare a typical experience from all out misfortune adrift.

From Good to Great How to Become a Badass Recruiter

From Good to Great How to Become a Badass Recruiter Every company needs employees, and every person needs a job, so you might say that the recruiting position is necessary for the current system.Whether you want to work in an HR department in the company, or in a private hiring agency, there are some things you need to know.First of all, being a recruiter is not that hard, but being a badass recruiter is very hard. Everyone can be an average recruiter, but not many people can wear the title of an excellent recruiter. Therefore, we are here today to help you with becoming one.We could say that all badass recruiters have some things in common: they all have a certain set of skills, qualities, and habits. In other words, skills, qualities, and habits are the pillars of being a great recruiter.Good recruiters have some, but not all of the above, which is what separates badass recruiters from regular ones.Right now, we are going to dive deeper into what these skills, qualities, and habits are, in order to get a better understanding of what it takes to be a great recruiter.SKILLS THAT COULD HELP YOU BECOME A GREAT RECRUITERLet’s start by examining certain skills that every great recruiter has. Some might not be necessary in order to do the job, but they are very useful when it comes to doing it.1. Skills in SalesOne way of looking at the job of a recruiter is to compare it to any job regarding sales. Same as in sales, in recruiting you to want to sell a job to your candidates. You want to give them an offer that would benefit them, and at the same time be acceptable for your company.Therefore, having some skills in sales would help greatly. By using them, you could definitely think of a way to make both your company and potential candidates happy, by offering them nice working conditions, while respecting the limitations set by your company.2. Skills with PeopleThe whole recruitment process is simply a different sort of sales. Instead of selling a product made by one person to a different person, you need to sell on e person (a candidate) to your company and you have to sell a job position for the candidate.So, we could say that it is still the sale process, with multiple stages. And since it is about selling the job and the candidate with a certain set of skills, you need to be good with the people, understand them, their motives, their wishes, and reasons. Only then you will be able to become the best of the best when it comes to recruiting.3. Communication SkillsOne of the most important skills you should have in order to deal with people is, of course, good communication skill. The way to properly present your offer to candidates and make them accept it. The way to convince your bosses about a candidate’s worth.All that requires you to be communicative and good with words. That way, people will recognize you and respect you. In business, you can never talk too much. The more you talk, the more information you can learn and give. In other words, you simply need to practice and find that op timal level of information sharing that would be enough to satisfy both your candidates and the company.4. Skills in MarketingSometimes a good recruiter is not so easy to find. Sometimes people get picked for the job, simply because they are famous, which doesn’t have to mean they are the best at what they do. It just means they advertised themselves better than other recruiters, who could potentially be better than them.Therefore, in order for you to become a badass recruiter, you need to have some marketing skills, so you could fight your way to the top of the food chain and make companies select you as their recruiter, over other people. For that reason, you should do research and find out what are the most in-demand marketing skills, and make sure to learn them as best as possible.5. Ability to Solve ProblemsSame as on any other job, there are occasional difficulties in the recruitment world as well. For example, let’s say that you found a perfect person for the position in your company, but for some reason, the conditions you offer are not enough and the person is not willing to join you unless you change your offer.Now, sometimes it is easy to solve this, just offer a higher salary or certain benefits, but most of the times, the company sets the maximum salary limit you can offer to job applicants.In order to get that candidate to join you, you would need to use your creative problem-solving skills, to think of something that could be done to satisfy the candidate, while respecting the company’s limitations.For instance, if the problem is the job location, you could offer organized transportation to the candidate, or if you work for a big company with offices in multiple locations, you could offer your candidates to work in an office close to their homes, while keeping other conditions unchanged. That way you would increase your chances of hiring the candidate in question while respecting the company’s salary limit.6. Ability to NegotiateAbility to negotiate comes naturally as one of the most important skills every badass recruiter should have. Recruiters need to be able to make good offers, find a balance between their candidate’s wishes and the limitations set by the company’s officials.Good negotiation skills are very important during the offer stage when you have to “guess” the terms that could be acceptable to both the company and candidates. A good way to ensure the success is to offer realistic amounts, but keeping it a bit lower than what the company is ready to offer. That way, you would have a chance to increase it if needed.Some companies though will want you to offer a fixed amount, without lowering it during the interview. In that case, you can always work with other information, since salary is not the only deciding factor. There are other points of interest, which you could use to your advantage, such as bonuses, transportation fees, health insurance, etc.7. Good Time ManagementLast skill, but not the least, every badass recruiter should master is the ability to manage their time in a good way.Depending on the company you work for, you might have a small or huge amount of potential candidates. In any case, you should organize your activities to help you maximize your productivity and time, without having to reschedule so often, because of other obligations.Some interviews may take longer than others. Some recruitment processes have several stages, especially in large multinational companies. So, the entire hiring process needs to be well-organized and carefully executed.However, in some companies, that doesn’t have to be the case. You can organize your interview outside the office, go grab a cup of coffee with the candidate, or even do the interview while doing shopping. It all depends on the job position and the company’s rules.In both cases, time management is crucial, so make sure you know how to organize your time and make good schedules.THE MOST IMPORTANT QUALITIES OF A BADASS RECRUITERNow that we went over some skills every badass recruiter should have, let’s talk about what qualities separate bad or good recruiters from badass recruiters.1. ConfidenceOne of the most important qualities, not just for a job, but for everyday life in general, is to be confident. While there is a confidence gap between men and women, it is certain that confident people are more attractive, both in a personal and business way.In order to become a badass recruiter, you need to look and sound confident. You will often have to persuasive and make people accept your terms, which is only possible if you reassure them that it is a good decision to make. You can’t do that if you are not or you don’t seem confident about it.Confidence is not just important for your candidates, but for yourself as well. There is no company that would hire recruiters that are not self-confident and sure they are able to complete their job.2. PatienceAnother quality every badass recruiter should have is patience. When everything goes smooth and you are able to find the right people for the job, there is no problem. However, like with everything in life, things won’t always go smoothly in hiring business as well.You may end up losing a very important candidate or having difficulties with finding the right terms to offer. When that happens, you might get nervous and be under the pressure from your bosses. However, you shouldn’t despair. Be patient instead and work harder to work on a solution that could fix the problem, whether it is looking for a new candidate, or working on a new set of terms.3. PersistenceYou could say that persistence and patience are inseparable. And you would be right to say so. In hiring business, there is usually a need for repeating negotiation or continuous looking for suitable candidates. That means you will have to be persistent in what you do and don’t give up easily, even when things seem dark.Sometimes, you may need to change your offer one more time or to look for one more applicant or simply to make one more decision. To be successful in this kind of environment, persistence is the key.4. ProfessionalismWhen it comes to business, and especially with dealing with people, it is very important to be professional and to be recognized as a professional. People would be more likely to do deal with you if they knew you are professional or that you come from a serious company.For example, it’s not the same if you go to an interview in a new, small company, and to Google. You would act differently in both. Therefore, as a recruiter, it is a very good idea to always be as professional as you can, in order to earn a reputation.5. DependabilityIn business, everyone like people who are capable of doing things on their own and to make tough decisions without hesitating too much. It means a lot to companies if they can rely on their recruiters to pick good candidates for them.Therefore, you should always try to be depe ndable and show your bosses that you are a trustworthy person, who is capable of hiring the perfect candidate for the job they need.Apart from that, if you are dependable, your candidates would be more eager to trust you and accept your offer with less resistance. Along with that, they might even look up to you as their personal coach, from who they would learn new and important things.6. Good Risk ManagementDepending on whether you work for a big company as a professional recruiter in their department, or for a separate hiring agency, you might face more or less risk.Of course, it is riskier to work for a hiring agency, because salaries there are not fixed and you earn it according to the number of people you get for your clients. Therefore, there is always a risk that you could fail in getting the job done, meaning you wouldn’t get your payment.In order to become a badass recruiter, you will have to learn to manage that risk and to become comfortable in a risky business environm ent.7. Ability to Stay Calm in a Chaotic EnvironmentAlong with the risk, comes the managing the chaos that comes with it. Hiring job is not quite easy and you may find yourself in some very chaotic situations. At one point you may be at the top of things, while at other points, you may be at the bottom.Therefore, you need to be adaptable and to stay calm in a chaotic environment. Keep doing your job and try to solve any problems that may have occurred during that time. However, even though the job is risky, the rewards are high, so that is one more reason to get comfortable with chaos, so you wouldn’t have any issues.HABITS OF A BADASS RECRUITERNow, having all those skills and qualities we had previously talked about is not quite enough to become a badass recruiter. You also need to practice a lot, which means that you need to grow certain habits, to make it easier for you to get used to doing things a certain way. Let’s see what those habits are.1. Good PlanningEvery good syste m needs a good plan. Same goes for recruiting. We had already mentioned how good an organization is important for recruiting. Therefore, it is only natural that planning is an important part of the process as well.It doesn’t have to be a lengthy plan. You should simply take some time, let’s say 30 min to 1 hour to plan the activities for the next days, what calls to make, what people to see. That way, you will be ready to start working tomorrow when you come into the officer, rather than having to spend time planning on-site.By doing that, you will be able to focus on more important things at work, which could possibly lead to increased productivity and a more professional way of dealing with potential problems.2. Phone TimeOne of the pillars of recruiting is constantly talking over the phone. Therefore, you should get used to it, if you want to become a badass recruiter.Data shows that recruiters whose phone time is bigger, usually score more hits than others. And it is safe to say that most of them really enjoy being on the phone, talking to people and trying to get those candidates for their clients or company.3. Tracking MetricsIn order for you to be able to analyze your score and working progress, you need to track metrics and get the necessary data. That would help you see how well you performed during some period of time, what you could do better and whether or not you should change something, in order to improve the entire process.There are different ways to track your metrics, depending on the field and other factors. You should explore your options and use ones that are suited for your job the most. 4. Having Straight PrioritiesAlong with the planning process, it is also very important to make a categorization plan, allowing you to prioritize activities and people that are more relevant to your business.For instance, you could categorize people into different groups, dividing those who are almost ready for offers from those who just entered the s ystem.   That way, you will be able to prioritize interviews and finish the entire process in a shorter amount of time.Another good solution is to prioritize activities that would maximize your revenue, which is an excellent way of getting the most money for your services.5. Not Giving UpNo matter how things may look tough, you should always try to follow through with your plan and actions. Being a recruiter isn’t easy. There is a lot of stress involved in the process, especially if you work in a hiring agency, where salary is based on the number and quality of people you bring in.Therefore, you will face some difficulties. And in those situations, it is important not to give up when things seem tough. That way, you will show your bosses that you are a fighter, which is what they need from a recruiter.6. Don’t Get too Comfortable in Your Safe SpaceAs in normal life, people often tend to get too comfortable with something, for instance, in one job, which can halt their career dev elopment in the future. Therefore, even though things may look good and comfy, you should always strive for better and push yourself to achieve more.This is, of course, the case when it comes to recruiting too. Even though you may think you are doing your job well and enjoy your current place, you shouldn’t get too comfortable. Instead, you should try to become even better and look for a way to improve your current position.Also, we had already said that recruiting is a risky business, so you never know if you will stay in your “safe space” forever or whether it could crumble at any moment. It is something that you simply cannot control, so it is better to be prepared.7. Keep Training and Educating Yourself to Become even BetterIn order to keep striving for a better position, you have to keep learning and training. Do some courses, acquire a new set of skills or simply practice your negotiation skills by continuously working with people.Apart from that, you can always watch an d attend webinars related to recruiting training, where you can learn a lot of new and useful tips and tricks that would help you do your job better.Along with that, you have an option to complete formal training programs made by the National Association of Personnel Services, such as Certified Personnel Consultant (CPC) or Certified Employee Retention Specialist (CERS)All you need to have, in order to improve your knowledge about recruiting, is to have a will to do it.CONCLUSIONThere you go, folks! That would be everything we have prepared for you today. We learned what makes a badass recruiter.You now know about the three pillars of a badass recruiter: skills, qualities, habits. We explained each of those in detail and learned why they are so important.What remains now, is for you to start implementing what we had taught you here and focus on becoming a great recruiter that could be recognized by everyone.If you still have any doubts or questions, don’t hesitate to ask us in the comment section below. As always, see you in the next one!

Export And Demand Of Goods - 1680 Words

Tariffs are sorts of taxes on imported and exported goods. It could affect the supply and demand of the merchandise. It started thousands of years ago when different countries’ merchants exchanged goods with each other. Governments who use tariffs to protect the local economy and national benefits play an important role in trading until now. It is a useful tool for governments to negotiate with other countries on diplomacy. However, tariffs become barriers to globalisation and it can have negative effect on domestic economy and industries. Today, with the globalisation, each country may still consider to protect their local economy first instead of removing tariffs from imported products. Interestingly, many countries would love to gather†¦show more content†¦If local company product not as good as imported products, civilian may buy imported products. It would decrease the demand for local goods, which mean local brands might be broke up. According to Baghdasaryan D. and Ã… ½igić K (2010), government tariffs’ target is preventing imported products to have higher competitive position than internal products. Furthermore, tariffs could protect domestic industry. Therefore, government applies a tax to increase the price of imported goods for helping regional brands to survive in the market. Additionally, some countries tend to open market in worldwide after they regard that their economic would not have obvious affect from other countries especially developed countries, they require their products to have same treatment in other countries, this requirement not only benefit to the exported countries’ industry but also may offer well known product to the world. Gene, Joel and Chantal (2009) claims that, in the World Trade Organisation (WTO), countries should obligate the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades (GATT), but the people of developing country doubt that GATT and WTO could benefit to their own country because the organisa tion was held by industrialised countries. The successful case like India and China who have joined the WTO after they dismiss tariffs barrier. So, tariffs, in most case, effect imported goods’ price for influencing the demand on imported goods. The reason for this is

Distortions Of Mind Perception On Psychopathology, By Kurt...

Funday Friday #1: Distortions of mind perception in psychopathology â€Å"Distortions of mind perception in psychopathology†, by Kurt Gray, Adrianna C Jenkins, Andra S. Heberlein, and Daniel M. Wegner, is an article that aims to determine how the understanding of distorted mind perception can further the understanding of those with mental illnesses, specifically three disorders that have been connected to abnormal social function. A study revealed that mind perception can occur along dimensions of experience and agency. The purpose of Gray et al.’s research was to explore three subclinical syndromes that are linked to abnormal social function: autism-spectrum disorder, schizotypy and psychopathy in an attempt to find a unique pattern of distorted mind perception for each syndrome. Previous research has discovered that people on the autism spectrum have difficulty understanding the agency portion of mind perception, meaning they have trouble representing other people’s mental states. Contrary to autism, schizotypy involves the over-attribution of mental states, specifically agency, in the area of social cognition. The third syndrome, psychopathy, is characterized as the failure to be aware of experience. This explains the tendency for psychopaths to be insensitive and manipulative. In order to investigate the pattern of distorted mind perception 890 participants were surveyed online. Participants completed a survey that gathered the perceived experience and agency of nine target

Dear John Doe Free Essays

Dear John Doe,Thank you for your interest in the store manager position. We appreciate the opportunity to consider you for our team. As we have received many applications for this position and everyone was well qualified. We will write a custom essay sample on Dear John Doe or any similar topic only for you Order Now You have more than enough experience and seem like you know what it takes to improve our stores. I also noticed you took some time to find out we are a Fortune 200 company which means you pay attention to details. You are confident in your letter and that is something we value, it shows a strong candidate! There are a few things I would recommend for future inquiries in any job position with us or another company. Always make sure to address the recipient as Mr. Ms. Or Mrs. When writing a formal letter. It comes off as more professional, and while we are always open to feedback for improvement a job letter is not the best place. Also, I absolutely hate to hear your store experiences weren’t what you expected. Thank you for letting me know! And that is something that’ll be taken into consideration. I’m looking for a positive tone when speaking about the company and we want you to express that in your letter. But If you every have a complaint you are more than welcome to let us know by calling, emailing or even writing us. Always make sure that you speak positively about your previous job experiences or employers. When speaking of your previous employers or fellow coworkers in a bad light it can come off as negative and we don’t want that to happen.Lastly, while I’ve carefully reviewed your background and experience I’ve decided to proceed with other candidates who meet our needs more closely at this time. This was a tough decision for me, as you were a strong candidate. If you need to contact me any time regarding our response or any other issue, please to at: Johtenfield@dollargeneralcoporation.com Sincerely,John TenfieldHiring ManagerJohntenfield@dollargenerralcoporation.com How to cite Dear John Doe, Papers

Are Video Games Bad for You Research Paper Example

Are Video Games Bad for You? Paper Introduction In recent decades, attention has been placed on the influence of violent videogames on the aggressive behaviour of individuals. While some scholars believe that videogames increase aggression amongst children in particular, others claim evidence on the catharsis hypothesis where videogames are argued to be a safe outlet to express aggression (Berger 2002). Although many theories have emerged regarding the influence of violent videogames, the debate continues to be divided between those who claim its destructive nature and others who claim that videogames cannot be solely blamed for the aggressive behaviour expressed by young people. This essay therefore aims to examine different arguments raised in the literature regarding the moral and social issues that are associated with violent videogames. The Debate about the Influence of Violent Video Games In recent times, the nature of video games have become an important topic of debate as politicians in the UK and America argue that videogame playing increases aggression, particularly in children (Freedman 2001; Berger 2002). Despite the absence of scientific consensus, there seems to be a rising concern that videogames can in fact lead to ‘real life’ violence. In 1993 the British Parliament showed concern over the dangers of games such as Mortal Kombat, in 1997 similar questions were raised about Grand Theft Auto, where the aim of the game is to steal cars, shoot people and engage in criminal activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Are Video Games Bad for You? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Are Video Games Bad for You? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Are Video Games Bad for You? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Videogames have also been blamed directly for the school massacres in the United States, where teenage murderers were reported to be avid players of violent videogames such as Doom and Duke Nukem. As a result, parents of the children murdered filed a $130 million lawsuit against 24 videogame and Internet companies. Although the suit was dismissed in May 2000, the debate of the dangers of videogames continues (Poole 2000). It is in fact true that most videogames are violent in nature or have violent elements. But whether or not they lead to players becoming violent is difficult to answer (Poole 2000; Berger 2002). In particular the concern lies mainly in the effects of these games on children as it is argued by psychologists and paediatrics that children are unable to differentiate between fiction and reality. In fact, by becoming regular players they become desensitised because it becomes so much a part of their lives (Jenkins 2006). The question therefore arises whether children should be allowed to play violent and sadistic games. Berger (2002) argues that although there is a significant difference between mediate violence, where the individual sees hundreds of killings, it has a different status from real violence, where the majority of us have never seen anyone get killed. Thus, the fact that violence in videogames is mediated gives it the status of ‘just’ play (see also Poole 2000). However, although a game may not be real, does not mean that it does not have a profound affect on us. As Berger (2002) argues that it may affect us in ways that we are not aware of. Particularly in videogames, people become active participants. Videogames are an active medium that requires constant physical input by the player. Accordingly the player is deeply involved with the game and therefore is significantly more than a mere audience member (Galloway 2004). As violent videogames are more interactive they may also be more harmful than violent television for the player is forced to identify with the aggressor (Anderson 2000; 2003). In addition, many become addicted to the high levels of excitement of videogames and as a result this can lead to the individual trying to find the same levels of excitement in the use of drugs (Berger 2002). The addictive quality of videogame playing has also been reported to lead to personality problems where the individual loses his/her ability to interact in the real world (see Anderson 2000). As such they immerse themselves into a fictional world where they can forget and avoid the reality in which they live. On the other hand in television and films, people are passive spectators however, it is argued that television violence may in fact be a greater concern as on average, most people watch more television. Thus, for children who are regularly exposed to television violence it could have a worse or similar effect to video games (Berger 2002). Some scholars argue however that violence in television, films and video games has in fact the opposite effect. As individuals become ‘saturated’ with violence, it can lead to a catharsis where videogames, television and films become a safe outlet to for aggressive feelings and emotions; as a result, individuals become less violent. Naturally, this argument goes against the idea that children are highly influenced by modelled behaviour as they try to replicate what they see (Freedman 2001). The influence of video games is therefore highly complex to resolve. Poole (2000) therefore argues that videogames may simply be part of many factors that lead to violent behaviour. Videogames as films and television may influence real life violence by having a particular style that is imitated. Pool argues that it is possible that the teenage murderers in America may have imitated the way in which people are killed in the video game Doom, however it is not possible to say that without playing the game they would not have killed their classmates. Research conducted in America reiterates this statement, violent video games may be one risk factor when coupled with other more immediate, real-world influences — which can contribute to anti-social behavior. But no research has found that video games are a primary factor or that violent video game play could turn an otherwise normal person into a killer (Jenkins 2006, website). Rollings and Adams (2002) therefore argue that the debate is not about violence per se, but rather about how violence is portrayed and the circumstances under which it is acceptable. In their book ‘Andrew Rollings and Ernest Adams on Game Designs’ (Rollings Adams 2002), they examine the nature of violence in video games as being highly influenced by the similarities to the real world; the more a game resembles real life ‘situations’ the more debate and opposition it will raise amongst politicians and the general public. On the other hand, if the violence portrayed is abstract and unrealistic, as e. g. killing aliens in Space Invaders, it becomes less controversial. As a result, the more a game resembles real life the more ethical issues it will raise. Rollings and Adam (2002) therefore strongly recommend that ethical realism need to be tied closely to visual realism. Video games makers consequently need to understand this link for there will always be some individuals who will have difficulties in differentiating between fiction and reality. Children in particular need to be protected, as the younger they are, the harder it is for them to distinguish between play and reality, A few designers, mostly young and male, seem to think that deliberately including gratuitous violence in their games is a gesture of rebellion against the antiviolence crusaders. We encourage these gentlemen to grow up and to remember who the game is for. Our customers don’t buy games to see rebellious gestures; they buy them to be entertained (Rollings Adams pp 80) Jenkins (2006) also argues that advertising and marketing aimed at young people need to be restricted however parents also need to take more responsibility. The Federal Trade Commission in America has found that 83 percent of game purchases for underage consumers are made by parents or by parents and children together. Conclusion The debate regarding the impact of violent videogames, particularly on children and young people, continues to remain complex. Although research has shown the link between videogames and aggressive and anti-social behaviour, the assumptions on which this argument is based remain disputed. In recent times these research studies have been criticised on methodological grounds and many scholars now invariably question this link, for they do not accept that videogames can be accused of increased aggression, especially amongst young people. In fact, many argue that due to the mass media frenzy around the impact of violent videogames has led authorities to be more suspicious and hostile to many young people who already feel excluded from the system. It also misdirects the debate from the real causes of anti-social behaviour that seem to be blamed on videogames, television and films alike (Jenkins 2006) However as mentioned in this essay, although the link between violent videogames and increased aggression of young people and children continue to be contested, it is clear that childrens’ use of these games need to be closely monitored and restricted. The fact that children are reported to replicate and follow modelled behaviour is an issue that cannot be taken lightly. It could be argued that without close supervision and support from parents and policy regulations to protect children, some children may in fact be motivated to act upon what they experience in their video game ‘reality,’ due to their inability to differentiate between fiction and reality. References Anderson, C. A. (2000) Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviour in the Laboratory and in Life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 3, No. 4, 772- 790, American Psychological Association, Inc. Anderson, C. A. (2003) Violent Video Games: Myths, Facts, and Unanswered Questions. Psychological Science Agenda Volume 16: No. 5, American Psychological Association, Inc Berger, A. A. (2002) Videogames: A Popular Culture Phenomenon. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. Freedman, J. (2001) Evaluating the Research on Violent Video Game s, Toronto: University of Toronto. http://culturalpolicy. uchicago. edu/conf2001/papers/freedman. html (Accessed 18th April 2006). Galloway, A. R. (2004) Social Realism in Gaming. The International Journal of Computer Game Research, Volume 4, Issue 1. http://webct. londonmet. ac. uk/SCRIPT/SM2007N/scripts/serve_home (Accessed 18th April 2006). Jenkins, H. (2006) Reality Bytes: Eight Myths About Video Games Debunked. 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