The Fall of the Roman Empire essays

The Fall of the Roman Empire essays The Roman Empire was strong. It was founded on the strengths of its military, its strategic geographic location, strong moral values and wise leadership. It flourished because of its social, economic, political, military and religious strengths. However, when the things that make a civilization flourish begin to erode the civilization itself begins its decent. The first main reason for the fall was the civilizations economic decay. The rulers of Rome had very expensive lifestyles, and were a very proud people. To keep to their image, they needed money. The way they gained their money was through taxing the poor. In response to this act, the poor fled to other lands, which were barbaric. Since the poor made up most of the Roman population, this became a large problem. The barbarians were disrupting trade on the Mediterranean Sea. Rome's gold and silver were being drained into buying luxuries that were imported from China, India, and Arabia. As the government decreased the silver content in money, the value of the money also decreased. Diocletion attempted to curb the inflation. He issued an edict that fixed maximum prices and wages throughout the Empire. His idea failed though, because it was unrealistic and unenforceable. The emperors still felt the tax issue needed to be addressed, so they decided to make the hereditary class of tax col lectors pay the difference. In other words, if a poor person could not pay their full share, the tax collector paid the rest. This concept wiped out a whole class of moderately wealthy people. Later, slavery split communities. Rome believed the workers of society should not benefit from slavery. Slaves then had to reason to try hard or improve. Eastern slaves started doing technical work, which resulted in all technical work being looked down on. Labor was cheap and worthless. Upper-class Romans were content with what they had become. They felt no need to improve their inventions; they were conte ...

Hyperlocal Journalism Definition and Impact

Hyperlocal Journalism Definition and Impact Hyperlocal journalism, sometimes called microlocal journalism, refers to coverage of events and topics on an extremely small, local scale. An example might be a website that covers a specific neighborhood or even a particular section or block of a neighborhood. Hyperlocal journalism focuses on news that would usually not be covered by larger mainstream media outlets, which tend to follow stories of interest to a citywide, statewide or regional audience. For instance, a hyperlocal journalism site might include an article about the local Little League baseball team, an interview with a World War II vet who lives in the neighborhood, or the sale of a home down the street. Hyperlocal news sites have much in common with weekly community newspapers, though hyperlocal sites tend to focus on even smaller geographic areas. And while weeklies are usually printed, most hyperlocal journalism tends to be online, thus avoiding the costs associated with a printed paper. In this sense, hyperlocal journalism also has much in common with citizen journalism. Hyperlocal news sites tend to emphasize reader input and interaction more than a typical mainstream news site. Many feature blogs and online videos created by readers. Some tap into databases from local governments to provide information on things like crime and area road construction. Who Are Hyperlocal Journalists? Hyperlocal journalists tend to be citizen journalists and are often, though not always, unpaid volunteers. Some hyperlocal news sites, such as The Local, a site started by The New York Times, have experienced journalists supervise and edit work done by journalism students or local freelance writers. In a similar vein, The Times recently announced a partnership with NYUs journalism program to create a news site covering New Yorks East Village. Varying Degrees of Success Early on, hyperlocal journalism was hailed as an innovative way of bringing information to communities often ignored by local newspapers, especially at a time when many news outlets were laying off journalists and reducing coverage. Even some large media companies decided to catch the hyperlocal wave. In 2009 MSNBC.com acquired the hyperlocal startup EveryBlock, and AOL bought two sites, Patch and Going. But the long-term impact of hyperlocal journalism remains to be seen. Most hyperlocal sites operate on shoestring budgets and make little money, with most revenue coming from sales of ads to local businesses that cant afford to advertise with larger mainstream news outlets. And there have been some conspicuous failures, most notably LoudounExtra.com, started by The Washington Post in 2007 to cover Loudoun County, Va. The site, which was staffed by full-time journalists, folded just two years later. â€Å"We found that our experiment with LoudounExtra.com as a separate site was not a sustainable model,† said Kris Coratti, a spokeswoman for the Washington Post Co. Critics, meanwhile, complain that sites like EveryBlock, which employ few staffers and rely heavily on content from bloggers and automated data feeds, provide only bare-bones information with little context or detail. All anyone can say for sure is that hyperlocal journalism is still a work in progress.

Violence Against Women And Girls Research Paper

Violence Against Women And Girls - Research Paper Example Modern societies are still learning to know how to treat the modern sophisticated woman who is financially independent and also academically competitive. Even though these women are financially and economically as well as intellectually competitive at the same level with men, they still face a lot of issues which limit how much they can achieve in their societies. One of the most obvious results of women sexualization issues and how it is related to gender violence is the way in which women are treated in most Islamic societies. In Saudi Arabia, women are prohibited by law from participating in such activities which are only thought to be meant for men, such as driving an automobile. This is an issue which has led to a lot of controversy in the world. In the year 2013, women in Saudi Arabia demonstrated against a law passed prohibiting them from driving. In Indonesia, women demonstrated in the streets while wearing short skirts in the demonstration of the increasing rape cases in Ind onesia. In the east, women are forced to wear very heavily so that they hide her femininity while in the west social pressures may force a woman to wear revealing clothes because they are judged by how they look. Gender violence has remained to be a major challenge of the 21st century, mainly because it is supported by many traditions and attitudes in many societies. To be able to deal with this gender violence, it will be necessary to overcome these barriers and make sure that women are viewed in a different way.

The objectives of any international organization are identical to the Essay

The objectives of any international organization are identical to the objectives of that organizations strongest member Discuss - Essay Example In this backdrop, the objectives of global / international organizations should be in tune with both the ideology and requirements of majority of the member nations to see that the results of their programs and policies would benefit majority nations. Simply speaking, international organizations should strive to fulfill the aspirations of majority of the world population. But, as in most of the democratic countries, most of the international organizations too have been conspicuously playing to the tunes of their richest and strongest member nations downgrading their very global objectives. But it may be wrong to say that the 'objectives of any international organization are identical to those of its strongest members'. It can be true with most of the organizations but certainly you may find some exceptions. Each and every international organization is formed with certain highest global objectives. For that matter, no international organization's objectives can be localized or regionalized as the very purpose is global and international. The United Nations Organization (UNO) tops the list of international organizations and its objectives are crystal clear. When the UNO was formed in 1945 after the disastrous World War II, its objectives were boldly declared. The very first point in the Preamble of the UN charter talks about its determination to save succeeding generations from the repetitions of war (Internet, Charter of the United Nations). The UN's other objectives included respecting the equal rights of men and women all over the world, treating all big and small nations with equal respect and creating suitable conditions under which all nations abide by the international treaties and principles of international law and justice. According to the charter, these objectives should be ac hieved by establishing good neighborly relations among nations, solving problems through peaceful means, and not resorting to armed force except for in the common interests. These objectives, call them UN charter or law, are no doubt very sacred in letter but they have lost their much talked about sanctity in spirit and practice. Over a period of time, the UN has lost its independence due to the arm-twisting tactics of its strongest members. In fact, the very purpose of the launching of the UN was severely defeated with the formation of the Security Council in which certain member nations were endowed with veto powers. The UNO should function in the most democratic manner and go by the majority decisions of the General Assembly but this veto power through which a few countries could reject the majority decisions or impose their will on majority nations has seriously denied the UN its due role in achieving its objectives. The launching of the UN formed part of the beginning of the era of international law and justice but due to the bullying nature of some of its bigwig members, the implementation of international law too has run into rough weather. It is an acknowledged fact that the USA, the richest country of the world, is the strongest member of the UN (Thakur, 2006, p. 53). Over a period of time, the US forced the UN to act as per its whims and fancies turning the prestigious international organization into a puppet. The UN, supposed to be the instrument for the global peace, became

Joseph McCarthy Essay Example for Free

Joseph McCarthy Essay Joseph McCarthy was born on November 14, 1909 in Grand Chute, Wisconsin. At fourteen he stopped schooling only to return six years later. What normally took four years of high school, he finished in one year. The years 1930 to 1935 were spent in Marquette University where got his law degree. In 1939 he became a circuit court judge in Wisconsin. He was a Marines lieutenant in World War II. He ran for and lost a Senate seat in 1944. In 1946, he tried again and won this time as junior senator from Wisconsin. The first years were lackluster for Senator McCarthy. In 1949 he found issues to ride on like the US Cold War and anti-Communists sentiments. He claimed to have a Communists List including employees of the State Department. While that was in February of 1950, he named the alleged communists in government service for a whole of five years. Due to the strong anti-communist climate, even without evidence to support his accusations, his claims had damaged the careers and ruined the lives of his victims. Winning yet in another election in 1952 he had used his position as chairman of the Permanent Investigations Subcommittee to put more government officials and agencies under investigation. He spared no one from his onslaught including President Eisenhower. While hating the senator in private, the President ignored him in public. McCarthy’s downfall came in 1954 when the Army charged him of giving political favors to a consultant, a former army draftee. The Army-McCarthy hearings were held in his own subcommittee. He was found to be irresponsible as well as dishonest by the subcommittee in televised hearings. Unrepentant to the end, he was censured by Senate in 1954. He died at age 47 from liver ailment. The site elaborated on the rise and fall of a man. It helped me understand the complexities in the life of a man whose humble beginnings propelled him to seek out his dreams and the trappings of power brought him down and away from those dreams. Reference CNN Interactive. Com. Knowledge Bank:Profiles. Retrieved April 17, 2008, from http://www. cnn. com/SPECIALS/cold. war/kbank/profiles/mccarthy/

Biography Of Charles Dickens :: essays research papers

Biography of Charles Dickens There is something about Charles Dickens' imaginative power that defies explanation in purely biographical terms. Nevertheless, his biography shows the source of that power and is the best place to begin to define it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second child of John and Elizabeth Dickens, Charles was born on February 7, 1812, near Portsmouth on England's south coast. At that time John Dickens was stationed in Portsmouth as a clerk in the Navy Pay Office. The family was of lower-middle-class origins, John having come from servants and Elizabeth from minor bureaucrats. Dickens' father was vivacious and generous but had an unfortunate tendency to live beyond his means. his mother was affectionate and rather inept in practical matters. Dickens later used his father as the basis for Mr. Micawber and portrayed is mother as Mrs. Nickleby in A Tale of Two Cities. After a transfer to London in 1814, the family moved to Chatham, near Rochester, three years later. Dickens was about five at the time, and for the next five years his life was pleasant. Taught to read by his mother, he devoured his fathers' small collection of classics, which included Shakespeare, Cervantes, Defoe, Smollet, Fielding, and Goldsmith. These left a permanent mark on his imagination; their effect on his art was quite important. dickens also went to some performances of Shakespeare and formed a lifelong attachment to the theater. He attended school during this period and showed himself to be a rather solitary, observant, good-natured child with some talent for comic routines, which his father encouraged. In retrospect Dickens looked upon these years as a kind of golden age. His first novel, The Pickwick Papers, is in part an attempt to recreate their idyllic nature: it rejoices in innocence and the youthful spirit, and its happiest scenes take place in that precise geographical area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the light of the family's move back to London, where financial difficulties overtook the Dickens's, the time in Chatham must have seemed glorious indeed. The family moved into the shabby suburb of Camden Town, and Dickens was taken out of school and set to menial jobs about the household. In time, to help augment the family income, Dickens was given a job in a blacking factory among rough companions. At the time his father was imprisoned for debt, but was released three months later by a small legacy. Dickens related to his friend, John Forster, long afterward, that he felt a deep sense of abandonment at this time; the major themes of his novels can be traced to this period. His sympathy for the victimized, his fascination with prisons and money, the desire

Vadabandeshwara

INDEX An Eulogy of a Monument Cultural History of India Manipal Institute of Communication Done by, Bipasha Mukherjee Devesh Bhatt Manasha Ganeshan Venumadhav Bhat M Vadabandeshwara temple is one of the most prominent and oldest temples of Udupi, the temple town. This temple is more than 800 years old. Malpe, the coastal part of Udupi houses the Vadabandeshwara temple. The temple is a few kilometers away from the shoreline. This is one of Karnataka’s oldest temple. This temple primarily worshipped Lord Subrahmanya, although it is famous for housing the deity Lord Balarama, the brother of Lord Krishna.According to folklore, there was a sage by the name Vadabandeesha. He was a lepor. He could not tolerate the disease and he started to penance. Lord Subrahmanya satisfied by his penance decided to relieve him of his disease. The Lord came in front of him and offered to cure him of his suffering, if he built a temple dedicated to the Lord. Sage Vadabandeesha then built the present temple in the Lord’s name. Hence, this temple is also known as Anantheshwara temple. Anantheshwara, being the other name of Lord Subrahmanya.At present the main deity is Lord Balarama, the brother of Krishna. Hence, in one sense we can call this temple as the brother temple of the Udupi Krishna mutt where devotees from all over the world come to experience the lord’s grace. There is a folklore for Lord Balarama being the main deity now. The story goes that due to somebody vandalizing the statue of Lord Subrahmanya one of the arms of the idol broke. Due to this the idol could not be kept in the temple for worshipping.So the people of the village decided to immerse the idol into the temple pond and named the pond Skanda Pushkarani. Skanda, being yet another name for Lord Subrahmanya or literally meaning the God of war. The great Vaishnavite Saint Shri Madhvacharya was meditating on the shores of Malpe. During this time he found that a ship was having trouble in the sea. So, he helped the ship to reach the shore. In gratitude the owner of the ship gave Saint Madhvacharya two rocks. One of these rocks cracked and the idol of Lord Balarama came out.This idol of the lord was installed by the saint in Vadabandeshwara. The other stone contained the idol of the Lord Krishna which he installed in Udupi and built the famous Krishna Mutt. In dedication to Lord Subrahmanya the temple still houses a small statue of the lord along with Lord Balarama’s idol. During the main festivities and celebrations he is kept as the Utsavamurthy and worshipped. The devotees usually are in many during the Mahalaya Amavasay (new moon day). They come to offer prayers to the lord and take a dip in the sea.The temple due to its proximity to sea is also a place where many hindus come and perform the 12-13 day pujas of the dead. Fishermen and navigators perform pujas here after the rainy season before entering the sea for their voyage. The temple also houses smaller temples dedicated to the Lord’s Ganesh and Durgaparameshwari. It also houses the Navagraha Devagudi. A small temple dedicated to the nine planets. The temple is not built completely in the Dravidian style of architecture. The idol of the main lord is installed in the main room around which the temple and the other smaller temples are built.The whole temple is built in the form of a square. But there are no Gopurams. Directly in front of the Lord’s room is the Dhwajastambha pillar were Lord Subrahmanya’s statue is kept as the Utsavamurthy during the festivals. Behind this pillar is the Garudastambha pillar on which Lord Garuda’s idol has been chisseled. The Garudastambha pillar is important as both Lord Balarama and Subrahmanya are two different forms of the Adishesha (the seat of Lord Vishnu, a god in the form of a snake), Lord Garuda is the only one who can bear the wrath of these two god’s anger.This is ine of the Hindu mythology beliefs based on which i t is built Although now the temple worships the two different forms of Adishesha, International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISCKON) perform their bhajans and dances in the name of Lord Krishna here. So, it is evident that even though it is not a Krishna temple it has been given the importance that it needs from other sects also. Hence, from the above mentioned facts we can conclude that Vadabandeshwara is one of the oldest and prominent temples of Udupi and we must do all that we can to not let this relic disappear into the sands of time.